What is diabetes | diabetes | What is the main cause of diabetes?
What is diabetes?
diabetes (sugar) is a disease in which the level of sugar or glucose present in the blood increases too much. We get glucose by eating food and a hormone called insulin helps this glucose to go to the cells of the body so that they can get stronger.
The most common symptoms of diabetes are frequent urination, increased thirst, and hunger, weight gain or unusual loss of weight, fatigue, an inability to heal quickly after cuts or wounds, and sexual problems in men and hands and feet. Tickling feeling or numbness.
Over time, having too much glucose in the blood can lead to many serious problems. This can damage your eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Sugar can cause serious problems like heart problems and stroke, even requiring amputation of an arm or a leg.
Pregnant women can also get diabetes. To find out Blood test is done. There is a test called the A1C, which shows how well you can control your sugar.
Exercising, controlling your weight, and following a proper diet can control your sugar. You should keep track of your blood sugar levels and if your doctor has prescribed your medicines, take those medicines as prescribed. But should be taken.
Importance of insulin before understanding diabetes, we have to understand how our body functions in the absence of insulin or how glucose is metabolized in our body.
Carbohydrates are considered an energy-giving food and an important part of our diet consist of carbohydrates. When we eat carbohydrates, it goes into the stomach to convert them into energy called glucose.
This energy has to reach the millions of cells present in our body so that our cells burn glucose and give energy to the body. This work is possible only when our pancreas produces a sufficient amount of insulin. Insulin is a hormone that controls the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats in your body.
Without insulin, glucose cannot enter the cells and accumulates in the blood vessels. In such a situation, the person does not get the power that he needs and the person becomes suffering from diabetes.
Types of Sugar (Diabetic diabetes)
The main types of diabetes are diabetes type 1, diabetes type 2, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes:
In diabetes, your body is unable to make insulin. Your immune system destroys the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.
The problem of type 1 diabetes is usually seen in children and young people, although it can happen to a person of any age. A person with type 1 diabetes has to take insulin daily to survive.
Type 2 diabetes:
In diabetes, the body either does not make insulin or does not use it properly. This type of diabetes can happen at any age, even in childhood. However, it is mostly seen in middle-aged people or older people. This type of diabetes is the most common.
Gestational diabetes:
Many women develop diabetes during pregnancy. In most cases, this diabetes is cured after delivery.
However, having gestational diabetes increases your risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Sometimes women also develop type 2 diabetes during pregnancy.
Symptoms of sugar (diabetes, diabetes)
- Excessive thirst
- Feeling hungry
- More frequent urination
The early symptoms of diabetes are related to increased levels of glucose in the blood and urine. The symptoms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are similar.
- Lack of water in the body
- Weight gain or loss
- Inability to heal wounds, blisters, or cuts
- Tiredness
- Itchy skin
- Nausea
- Dry mouth
- Vomit
- Increased susceptibility to infection
- Blurred vision
Your body usually gets dehydrated while on sugar. Dehydration makes you very thirsty.
Due to the presence of excess sugar in the blood, the kidneys work harder to clean the blood and remove the excess sugar from the body through urine. Due to this frequent urination comes. Excessive thirst and frequent urination are the main symptoms of diabetes.
Due to the lack of glucose reaching the cells, the body's energy supply is not fully completed and the diabetic patient always feels tired and starts feeling hungry quickly.
Both men and women with diabetes can develop yeast infections between the hands and toes, around the genitals, and under the breast.
Weight loss, nausea, vomiting, hair fall, blurry vision, dryness, or itching of the skin are some other symptoms of diabetes.
When to see a doctor
You should see a doctor for diabetes if:
- Your blood glucose level is higher than what your doctor has prescribed.
- Blood glucose levels below the level prescribed by the doctor.
- Feeling symptoms of low blood sugar, such as:
- To sweat
- Confusion
- Feeling restless and weak
- Blurred vision
- Feeling very hungry and nauseated
- Dizziness and headache
Due to sugar (diabetes, diabetes) -
Why/how does diabetes occur?
The exact cause of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is not yet known. However, it has been confirmed that in type 1 your immune system starts destroying the insulin-producing cells of your pancreas. And because of type 2 genetic and environmental factors, the pancreas does not make enough insulin.
Causes of type 1 diabetes:
The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is not yet known. What has been confirmed, however, is that your immune system, which normally fights off dangerous bacteria and viruses, begins to destroy the insulin-producing cells in your pancreas. Due to this, there is very little or no insulin left in your body. Due to this, sugar starts accumulating in the blood instead of going to the cells. Type 1 diabetes is thought to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. However, many factors are still unclear.
Causes of type 2 diabetes:
In type 2 diabetes, your cells begin to interfere with the action of insulin, and your pancreas cannot make enough insulin to overcome this obstruction. Instead of going to the cells, sugar starts accumulating in your blood.
The exact cause of type 2 diabetes is not yet known. However, it is believed to be caused by genetic and environmental factors. There is a relationship between type 2 diabetes and being overweight, but not everyone with it is overweight.
gestational diabetes
To keep the pregnancy safe and healthy, the placenta makes certain hormones that cause the cells to interfere with the action of insulin. Usually, in response to this, your pancreas makes a sufficient amount of extra insulin, although sometimes the pancreas is unable to do so. When this happens, too little of the glucose get into your cells and too much glucose stays in the blood, leading to gestational diabetes.
What are the risk factors for diabetes?
Risk factors for type 1 diabetes:
- Damage to cells of the immune system.
- Dietary factors - low intake of vitamin D in the diet and introducing cow's milk to the baby too early.
- Family factors – If you have a parent or sibling with type 1 diabetes, you are also at increased risk of getting it.
- Environmental factors – Having a viral disease can lead to type 1 diabetes.
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes:
- Weight – The thicker your tissues, the more your cells interfere with insulin function.
- Abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels – If you have low levels of good cholesterol or good cholesterol in your body, you are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. High triglyceride levels also increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.
- Physical immobility – The less physically active you are, the higher your risk of developing type 2 diabetes. By doing physical activity, weight is controlled and glucose is used as energy.
- High blood pressure – Blood pressure higher than 140/90mmHg can lead to type 2 diabetes.
- Familial factors – Having a parent or sibling with type 2 diabetes also increases your risk of getting it.
- PCOS - In women, having PCOS increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
- Age – The risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases with age.
- Pregnancy - You can also get type 2 diabetes due to pregnancy.
Risk factors for gestational diabetes:
- Women of any age are at risk of developing gestational diabetes when pregnant, but some women are at higher risk.
- Age – Women over the age of 25 are at higher risk of developing gestational diabetes.
- Weight – Being overweight before pregnancy increases the risk of gestational diabetes.
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